Islam in China
Islam in China [map]. 1: 20,000,000. In Hugh Kennedy (ed.), An Historical Atlas of Islam. (2nd, revised ed.) Leiden: Brill, 2002 (p. 68).Islam entered China by two main routes: from the southeast, following the well-established maritime communication lines to Canton; and from the northwest, passing over the Pamirs and through the Tarim Basin to Kansu and Shensi, following the ancient Silk Road.
Many of these Muslim merchants, soldiers and freebooters settled down and married Chinese wives, giving rise to today’s Hui (Chinese-speaking) Muslim. China also has a small Iranian community of Tajiks in the far west, and a group of Muslims with Mongol blood, the Tung-hsiang, in Kansu. All Chinese Muslims are Sunnī Ḥanafī, except the Tajiks, who are Nizārī Ismaʿīlī, or followers of the Aga Khan.
The number of Chinese Muslims is projected to increase from 23.3 million in 2010 to nearly 30 million in 2030. Only three other countries where Muslims are the minority – India, Nigeria and Ethiopia – have more than 20 million Muslims.
Data Source: The Future of the Global Muslim Population. The Pew Research Center. (Polling and Analysis. January 27, 2011).
Life on the old Silk Road: the Uighurs of Kashgar – in pictures / https://www.theguardian.com
- Annotated Turki Manuscripts from the Jarring Collection Online Chaghatay 2.0 Web site hosts information about late Chaghatay (a variety of Middle Turkic spoken in Central Asia) and its descendants, especially those varieties spoken east of the Pamirs: early modern Uyghur (Turki) and modern Uyghur. The information here stems largely from projects directed by Prof. Arienne M. Dwyer of the University of Kansas and C.M. Sperberg-McQueen of Black Mesa Technologies.
China, Islam and the Middle East. Sociology of Islam Journal: Special Issues (2017) Guest Editor: Tugrul Keskin
Islam in China
Islam in China
Islam entered China by two main routes: from the south-east, following the well-established maritime communication lines to Canton; and from the north-west, passing over the Pamirs and through the Tarim Basin to Kansu and Shensi, following the ancient Silk Road.
Many of the Muslim merchants, soldiers and freebooters who entered China via these routes (predominantly Arabs and Persians in the south-east, and Turks and Persians in the north-west) settled down and married Chinese wives, thus giving rise to the Hui (Chinese-speaking) Muslim community which is today scattered throughout China. Besides the Hui and the Turkic Muslims, China also has a small Iranian community of Tajiks in the far west, and a group of Muslims with Mongol blood, the Tung-hsiang, in Kansu. All Chinese Muslims are Sunnī Ḥanafī, with the single exception of the Tajiks, who are Nizārī Ismaʿīlī, or followers of the Aga Khan. Chinese Muslims, and in particular the Hui, are divided into numerous local sects. The most important Sufi group is the Nakshbandiyya.
Muslims make up about 2% of the population in China, but because the country is so populous, its Muslim population is expected to be the 19th largest in the world in 2030. The Muslim population in China is projected to increase from 23.3 million in 2010 to nearly 30 million in 2030. Of all the countries in the world where Muslims live as religious minorities, only three others – India, Nigeria and Ethiopia – have more than 20 million Muslims.
Data Source: The Future of the Global Muslim Population. The Pew Research Center. (Polling and Analysis. January 27, 2011.
Resource in Chinese
中国边缘穆斯林族群的人类学考察 by "2003年国家社科基金项目"
Call Number: DS731.M87 D563 2006ISBN: 7227032426Publication Date: 宁夏人民出版社2006
我们的宗教:伊斯兰敎 by
王建平 译
曼素尔・穆萨 校注
Call Number: BP163 .N3712 2009ISBN: 9789628682676Publication Date: 香港新垸书坊出版社 2009- 早期汉文伊斯兰教典籍研究 by 本书在就早期汉文伊斯兰教典籍作了仔细的调查和辨析的基础上, 总结其基本的情况. 其次, 则是以早期汉文伊斯兰教典籍为主要的史料进行一些中国伊斯兰教史和回族史的个案研究.Call Number: BP63.C6 Y366 2011ISBN: 9787532560202Publication Date: 上海古籍出版社 2011
- 月华 Yue Hua by 月華1-10集由宁夏少数民族古籍整理出版规划领导小组办公室整理出版。 此刊集包括了刊創刊號 (民國18年11月 [Nov. 1929]) -- 4-6月號 (民國37年6月 [June 1948])。 原报刊是中国伊斯兰报刊史上办刊时间最长，发行量最大的伊斯兰教学术性刊物，也为影响最大的回族报刊之一。它经历了战争时期，坚持办刊20年（1929-1948），发行遍及中国，东南亚，中东，欧洲许多国家。Call Number: Oversize BP63.C5 Y88 2010 +ISBN: 7500424493Publication Date: 宁夏人民出版社 2010
Resource in English
Familiar Strangers by
The Chinese-speaking Muslims have for centuries been an inseperable but anomalous part of Chinese society--Sinophone yet incomprehensible, local yet outsiders, normal but different. Long regarded by the Chinese government as prone to violence, they have challenged fundamental Chinese conceptiosn of Self and Other and denied the totally transforming power of Chinese civilization by tenaciously maintaining connectios with Central and West Asia as well as some cultural differences from their non-Muslim neighbors. Familiar Strangers narrates a history of the Muslims of northwest China, at the intersection of the frontiers of the Mongolian-Manchu, Tibetan, Turkic, and Chinese cultural regions. Based on primary and secondary sources in a variety of languages, Familiar Strangers examines the nature of ethnicity and periphery, the role of religion and ethnicity in personal and collective decisions in violent times, and the complexity of belonging to two cultures at once. Concerning itself with a frontier very distant from the core areas of Chinese culture and very strange to most Chinese, it explores the influence of language, religion, and place on Sino-Muslim identity.
ISBN: 9780295800554Publication Date: 1998-07-01
Mythology and Folklore of the Hui, a Muslim Chinese People by
"Not only does this amazing corpus contribute much to our understanding of the tremendous cultural and religious variety found within both Chinese and Islamic societies, but it challenges our conceptions and compartmentalizations of each." - Dru C. Gladney, University of Southern California "There is no comparable study of the Hui in a Western language. It will help break down the monolithic image we still have of China by bringing to light the vibrant cultural world of a minority people." - Gary L. Ebersole, The University of Chicago
ISBN: 0791418235Publication Date: 1994-07-01
Studies on Chinese and Islamic Inner Asia by
This book brings together the most important articles of the late Joseph F. Fletcher (1934-84), a scholar widely acclaimed for the breadth and brilliance of his historical thought and for his almost unequalled linguistic competence. Fletcher#65533;s mastery of the major languages and historical traditions of East Asia, the Middle East and Europe gave him a unique ability to trace historical movements across the cultural boundaries of Eurasia. The articles in this collection summarize his researches on the relation of China to its neighbours, the history of nomad society, and the interconnections among the great empires of the early modern age. Fletcher#65533;s highly important research into the Islamic revival movements of China and Inner Asia is collected here for the first time, including his most complete, but previously unpublished study of the subject, The Naqshbandiyya in Northwest China#65533;.
Call Number: was DS329.4 .F56x 1995ISBN: 086078469X:Publication Date: 1995-04-28
Interpreting Islam in China by
During the early modern period, Muslims in China began to embrace the Chinese characteristics of their heritage. Several scholar-teachers began to incorporate tenets from traditional Chinese education into their promotion of Islamic knowledge. As a result, some Sino-Muslims established aneducational network, the scripture hall educational system (jingtang jiaoyu), which utilized an Islamic curriculum made up of Arabic, Persian, and Chinese works. The corpus of Chinese Islamic texts written in this system is collectively labeled the Han Kitab. Interpreting Islam in China explores the Sino-Islamic intellectual tradition through the works of some its brightest luminaries, in order to identify and explicate pivotal transitions in their engagement with the Islamic tradition. Three prominent Sino-Muslim authors are used to illustratetransformations within this tradition, Wang Daiyu (1590-1658), Liu Zhi (1670-1724), and Ma Dexin (1794-1874).Kristian Petersen puts these scholars in dialogue and demonstrates the continuities and departures within this tradition. Through an analysis of their writings on the subjects of pilgrimage,scripture, and language, he considers several questions: How malleable are religious categories and why are they variously interpreted across time? How do changing historical circumstances affect the interpretation of religious beliefs and practices? How do individuals navigate multiple sources ofauthority? How do practices inform belief? Overall, he shows, these authors presented an increasingly universalistic portrait of Islam through which Sino-Muslims were encouraged to participate within the global community of Muslims in both theological and experiential spaces. The growing emphasis onperforming the pilgrimage to Mecca, comprehensive knowledge of the Qur'an, and personal knowledge of Arabic further stimulated communal engagement. Petersen demonstrates that the integration of Sino-Muslims within a growing global environment, where international travel and communication wasincreasingly possible, was accompanied by the rising self-awareness of a universally engaged Muslim community.
ISBN: 9780190634346Publication Date: 2017-10-03Muslims in Amdo Tibetan society Hille, Marie-Paule, editor Horlemann, Bianca, 1962- editor Nietupski, Paul Kocot, 1950- editor
Call Number: DS731.M87 H55 2015ISBN: 9780739175293Publication Date: Lanham, MD : Lexington Books 2015
China and Islam by
China and Islam examines the intersection of two critical issues of the contemporary world: Islamic revival and an assertive China, questioning the assumption that Islamic law is incompatible with state law. It finds that both Hui and the Party-State invoke, interpret, and make arguments based on Islamic law, a minjian (unofficial) law in China, to pursue their respective visions of 'the good'. Based on fieldwork in Linxia, 'China's Little Mecca', this study follows Hui clerics, youthful translators on the 'New Silk Road', female educators who reform traditional madrasas, and Party cadres as they reconcile Islamic and socialist laws in the course of the everyday. The first study of Islamic law in China and one of the first ethnographic accounts of law in postsocialist China, China and Islam unsettles unidimensional perceptions of extremist Islam and authoritarian China through Hui minjian practices of law.
ISBN: 9781107670112Publication Date: 2017-05-11
Muslim Chinese by
This second edition of Dru Gladney's critically acclaimed study of the Muslim population in China includes a new preface by the author, as well as a valuable addendum to the bibliography, already hailed as one of the most extensive listing of modern sources on the Sino-Muslims.
ISBN: 9780674594975Publication Date: 1996-06-01
Islam in China by
Are they really Muslims? Islam in China reveals the struggle for identity of the small yet vital Muslim community of China, a little studied minority on the fringes of the Islamic world now thrust into the spotlight by the opening of China to the world and the rise of independent Muslim republics on China's western borders.
ISBN: 9780739124192Publication Date: 2007-09-26
Chinese Muslims and the Global Ummah by
The global spread of Islamic movements and the ascendance of a Chinese state that limits religious freedom have aroused anxieties about integrating Islam and protecting religious freedom around the world. Focusing on violent movements like the so-called Islamic State and Uygur separatists in China's Xinjiang Province threatens to drown out the alternatives presented by apolitical and inwardly focused manifestations of transnational Islamic revival popular among groups like the Hui, China's largest Muslim minority. This book explores how Muslim revivalists in China's Qinghai Province employ individual agency to reconcile transnational notions of religious orthodoxy with the materialist rationalism of atheist China. Based on a year immersed in one of China's most concentrated and conservative urban Muslim communities in Xining, the book puts individuals' struggles to navigate theological controversies in the contexts of global Islamic revival and Chinese modernization. By doing so, it reveals how attempts to revive the original essence of Islam can empower individuals to form peaceful and productive articulations with secular societies, and further suggests means of combatting radicalization and encouraging interfaith dialogue. As the first major research monograph on Islamic revival in modern China, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of Anthropology, Islamic Studies, and Chinese Studies.
ISBN: 9781138580695Publication Date: 2018-03-15
The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History by
For 250 years, the Turkic Muslims of Altishahr--the vast desert region to the northwest of Tibet--have led an uneasy existence under Chinese rule. Today they call themselves Uyghurs, and they have cultivated a sense of history and identity that challenges Beijing's official national narrative. Rian Thum argues that the roots of this history run deeper than recent conflicts, to a time when manuscripts and pilgrimage dominated understandings of the past. Beyond broadening our knowledge of tensions between the Uyghurs and the Chinese government, this meditation on the very concept of history probes the limits of human interaction with the past. Uyghur historical practice emerged from the circulation of books and people during the Qing Dynasty, when crowds of pilgrims listened to history readings at the tombs of Islamic saints. Over time, amid long journeys and moving rituals, at oasis markets and desert shrines, ordinary readers adapted community-authored manuscripts to their own needs. In the process they created a window into a forgotten Islam, shaped by the veneration of local saints. Partly insulated from the rest of the Islamic world, the Uyghurs constructed a local history that is at once unique and assimilates elements of Semitic, Iranic, Turkic, and Indic traditions--the cultural imports of Silk Road travelers. Through both ethnographic and historical analysis, The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History offers a new understanding of Uyghur historical practices, detailing the remarkable means by which this people reckons with its past and confronts its nationalist aspirations in the present day.
Call Number: was DS731.U4 T48 2014ISBN: 9780674598553Publication Date: 2014-10-13
The First Islamic Classic in Chinese : Wang Daiyu's Real Commentary on the True Teaching [ Zheng jiao zhen quan] translated with an introduction and notes by
A translation of Wang Daiyu's Real Commentary on the True Teaching, the first and most influential work written in the Chinese language on Islam.
Published in 1642, Wang Daiyus Real Commentary on the True Teaching' was the first significant presentation of Islam in the Chinese language by a Muslim scholar. It set the standard for the expression of Islamic theology, Sufism, and ethics in Chinese, and became the literary foundation of a school of thought that has been called Muslim Confucianism. In contrast to Muslim scholars writing in every other language, Wang avoided Arabic words, opting instead to reconfigure the religion in terms of Chinese concepts and categories. Employing the terminology of Neo-Confucian philosophy, his overview of Islam is thus both congenial to the mainstream Islamic tradition and reaffirms Confucian teachings about the human duty to establish harmony between heaven and earth. This book will appeal to those curious about the manner in which Islam has flourished in China over the past thousand years, as well as those interested in dialogue among religions and the significance of religious diversity.
Call Number: was BP163 W26513 2017ISBN: 9781438465074Publication Date: 2017-04-01
Between Mecca and Beijing by
Between Mecca and Beijing examines how a community of urban Chinese Muslims uses consumption to position its members more favorably within the Chinese government's official paradigm for development. Residents of the old Muslim district in the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an belong to an official minority (the Hui nationality) that has been classified by the state as "backward" in comparison to China's majority (Han) population. Though these Hui urbanites, like the vast majority of Chinese citizens, accept the assumptions about social evolution upon which such labels are based, they actively reject the official characterization of themselves as less civilized and modern than the Han majority.By selectively consuming goods and adopting fashions they regard as modern and non-Chinese--which include commodities and styles from both the West and the Muslim world--these Chinese Muslims seek to demonstrate that they are capable of modernizing without the guidance or assistance of the state. In so doing, they challenge one of the fundamental roles the Chinese Communist government has claimed for itself, that of guide and purveyor of modernity. Through a detailed study of the daily life--eating habits, dress styles, housing, marriage and death rituals, religious practices, education, family organization--of the Hui inhabitants of Xi'an, the author explores the effects of a state-sponsored ideology of progress on an urban Chinese Muslim neighborhood.
ISBN: 9780804746854Publication Date: 2002-06-25
China's Muslims by
Series: Images of Asia
Call Number: DS731.M87 D55x 1996ISBN: 0195875044Publication Date: Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press1996- Mapping the Chinese and Islamic worlds by This book is in multiple languages. Table of contents: Introduction From imperial encounter to maritime trade : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world, 750-1260 The representation of China and the world : Islamic knowledge about China, 750-1260 Interpreting the Mongol world : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world, 1260-1368 Beyond Marco Polo : Islamic knowledge about China, 1260-1368 Legacy from half the globe before 1492 : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world and Islamic knowledge about China, 1368-1500 Conclusion : lessons from premodern Sino-Islamic contact.Call Number: DS750.72 .P37 2012ISBN: 9781107018686Publication Date: Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press 2012
- Mapping the Chinese and Islamic worlds - cross-cultural exchange in pre-modern Asia by The book is in multiple languages. Table of contents: Introduction From imperial encounter to maritime trade : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world, 750-1260 The representation of China and the world : Islamic knowledge about China, 750-1260 Interpreting the Mongol world : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world, 1260-1368 Beyond Marco Polo : Islamic knowledge about China, 1260-1368 Legacy from half the globe before 1492 : Chinese understanding of the Islamic world and Islamic knowledge about China, 1368-1500 Conclusion : lessons from premodern Sino-Islamic contact.Call Number: DS750.72 .P37 2012ISBN: 9781107018686Publication Date: New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012
