Using Free & Low-Cost Legal Research Resources
Depending on where you are working you may not have access to Lexis, Westlaw, or Bloomberg. If that is the case, learning how to do legal research confidently with other sources is crucial. In addition to using tools like Fastcase discussed below, consider using print sources at a law library.
Symbol Key
Free web sites available to all
Cornell Community - available to entire Cornell community
Law School Computers - available only using Law School workstations
Personal Account - law students and faculty access using personal accounts. Contact lawref@cornell.edu for more information.
Free & Low-cost Legal Research
- FastcaseFastcase is a comprehensive, searchable legal database that provides access to statutes, cases, regulations, constitutions, and court rules from the federal government and all 50 states. Fastcase also now has docket content available through an integration with Docket Alarm as a part of Cornell's subscription. Each state bar association pays for licensed lawyers to have access to Fastcase.
- Google ScholarGoogle Scholar offers an extensive database of state and federal cases. For more information on searching for case law using Google Scholar, visit this guide written by the Library of Congress.
- LawHelp.orgLawHelp.org was created for people living on low-incomes and the legal organizations that serve them. LawHelp.org provides referrals to local legal aid and public interest law offices, basic information about legal rights, court forms, self-help information, court information, links to social service agencies, and more in your state. LawHelp.org includes a network of 25 statewide legal information portals developed using the LawHelp.org platform that served more than 8 million people in 2020. LawHelp.org and state LawHelp sites are maintained by Pro Bono Net in partnership with hundreds of nonprofit legal aid, pro bono, court-based programs and libraries across the country.
- MunicodeProvides large number of links to municipal codes online across the country.
- Wex Law Dictionary & Legal EncyclopediaWex is a free legal dictionary and encyclopedia sponsored and hosted by the Legal Information Institute at the Cornell Law School. Wex entries are collaboratively created and edited by legal experts.
Finding books in the library
Basic catalog search
If you begin your search from the search bar on the Law Library homepage, your results will display in different boxes arranged by format. To see only book results, select "View [number] Books from the catalog" at the bottom of the books box. Or, you can select "Books" from the filters on the left. Alternately, you can begin your search directly from the library catalog page and use the menu on the left to filter for books.
When you find a book that looks interesting, select it to see its catalog page. Check the Availability box to see how to access the book.
You will find one of three scenarios:
- Ebook: If the book is available as an ebook, you can click the link to access it directly.
- Available: If the book is listed as available (with a green check mark), you can either get the book yourself or request to pick it up at a designated location. See the tab Checking out books on this page.
- Not available: If the book is checked out, lost, in transit, or otherwise not available you will not see a green check mark. You can still access the book by selecting "Request item". See the tab Books not available at Cornell on this page.
Catalog search tips
As always, you can try different combinations of keywords, including synonyms, in your catalog search to find more relevant materials. Don't stop at a single search and do look past the first page of results! If you still aren't finding books relevant to your topic, or if you are getting too many irrelevant results, try one of the techniques below:
Subjects
Watch the video tutorial on this topic!
Librarians assign subjects (also called subject headings or just headings) to the books in the catalog. Since these subjects come from a standardized list, searching for books by subject can eliminate the problems of choosing the wrong synonym in your keyword searches.
When you find a book that seems relevant, look at its catalog page to see its subject headings. Selecting a subject heading will show you all the items in the catalog with that subject.
To browse a list of all subjects, start in the library catalog (you cannot perform this kind of search from the library homepage).
- Enter a relevant term in the search bar. It's best to just put a single term here rather than combining multiple concepts.
- From the drop-down menu next to the search bar, select "Subject Browse (A-Z)"
- In the results, each subject heading appears next to the number of items that have been assigned that term. You may be prompted to select a synonymous term.
- A major subject heading can have hundreds of associated titles--far too many for you to look through. These major headings are subdivided into more specific subjects, which are listed underneath. Keep scrolling and looking through the pages of results to find the subdivision that is most appropriate for your topic.
Advanced search
To refine your search strategy, try using the advanced search feature in the catalog. You can access it by selecting "Advanced Search" at the top of the catalog webpage.
For details on using advanced search and other catalog features, see the catalog help page.
Checking out books
There are two ways to check out a book held at a Cornell library: You can request to have the book delivered to a pickup location, or you can retrieve it yourself from the bookshelf. For books not held at Cornell libraries, or books that have been checked out by someone else, see the tab Books not available at Cornell on this page.
Requesting a book for pickup
This is the most convenient way to get books, but there are some disadvantages:
- It takes some time to have to book delivered to your pick-up location. This can take a few days, especially for books that are held at other libraries on campus.
- You will not be able to browse through other relevant books that are shelved near your book.
To request a book, select the red "Request Item" button on the book's catalog page. You can then choose your pickup location. The pickup location in the Law School is Law Circulation, which is the circulation desk in the Reading Room. You can also choose to pick up your book at another library on campus. You will receive an email when your book is ready to pick up.
Finding a book in the stacks
The shelves where library books are held are called the stacks. To find your book there, you will need to write down the call number, which you can find on the catalog page. You can select "Text" to text the call number to your phone. Also note the name of the library where it is held, and whether there is any other relevant information. Some books are on reserve and you must ask at the circulation desk to see them. You may encounter books held at other Cornell libraries (in which case you may prefer to request the book and save yourself the trip).
Assuming the book is available at the Law Library and housed in the regular stacks (i.e., not on reserve), use one of the bookmarks available at the circulation desk, or one of the maps posted throughout the library stacks to look up what floor your call number is on. If you are new to finding books by call number, consult the Introduction to Academic Libraries guide or ask for help at the circulation desk. When you have found your book, take it to the circulation desk to check it out.
What to do if a book is not available at Cornell
If the book you need is checked out, or if Cornell simply does not own the book, you have a few options:
- Borrow Direct: This is the fastest way to get physical books from other libraries
- Interlibrary Loan (ILL): This service allows you to request a scan from a book, or the physical book itself. Physical books borrowed through ILL take longer to arrive than Borrow Direct. The first time you use ILL you will have to set up your account. Be sure to choose the Law Library as your Interlibrary Loan unit.
- Only use the recall option if Borrow Direct and ILL are not available This will force someone else to return it, and can take up to 3 weeks.
Books that are in the catalog but unavailable
If you find a catalog page for a book you need, you can request it directly from that page.
- To request the entire book: Click the red "Request Item" button. You will be given a choice of the various request options. Always use Borrow Direct if possible (this will probably be the default option at the top of the form).
- To request a scan from the book: Do this if you are interested in a single chapter or article from a book. Select the "Request a scan of article/chapter" button and fill out the form as completely and accurately as you can. In the field asking where you found the item cited, you can include the URL of the catalog page.
Books that are not in the catalog
If the book you want does not appear in your catalog search results, select "Request from Libraries Worldwide" in the box on the left.
This takes you to Worldcat, a database that searches through library catalogs around the world. When you find your book here, selecting it will open its record and a box will appear on the right with Access Options. Here you can select either Borrow Direct or Interlibrary Loan.
You can also access Borrow Direct or Interlibrary Loan directly and make your requests there. Be careful when filling out an ILL request form on your own--make sure to enter information as accurately as you can. If you have questions about an ILL request you can email law-ils@cornell.edu.
Receiving your requests
You will receive an email when your requests are available. Pick up books at the location you specified when you made your request. Access scan requests by logging into your ILL account.