Encyclopedias with Articles on Racism and Mass Incarceration
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- The Oxford Encyclopedia of Crime, Media, and Popular Culture.New York: Oxford University Press, [2018].
Among other topics, articles in this title cover the roots and the social and personal consequences of mass incarceration. - Encyclopedia of Race and Racism.Articles on "the historic origins of ideas of race and racism and explores their social and scientific consequences. Includes biographies of significant theorists, as well as political and social leaders and notorious racists." -- Publisher's summary
- Oxford African-American Studies CenterOver 20,000 reference articles including coverage of prisons, prisoners, and mas incarceration. Strong on biographical articles.
- The Social History of Crime and Punishment in America: An Encyclopedia.Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 2012.
"[S]urveys the history and philosophy of crime, punishment, and criminal justice institutions in America from colonial times to the present. It covers the whole of the criminal justice system, from crimes, law enforcement and policing, to courts, corrections and human services." --Summary